Nor is partitioning an issue. There is nobody asking anything in your computer. There is only a data matrix, that contains information. It doesn't matter if data is located here or there. Files have an adress and your pc finds those files by using their location in that data matrix.
You are overlooking the most important drawback of partitioning: The extra distance the heads need to move to slower parts of the disk and back and the increased access times, increasing wear-and-tear on the mechanical parts, slowing R/W on all but the primary partition and reducing efficiency. The transfer rates can decrease by as much as 50% due to partitioning and shorten the life-span of the disk significantly.